AGVs often use 24V or 48V DC industrial batteries as power. The power supply of the battery should reach the rated ampere-hour value. Generally, the work needs of more than 8h should be guaranteed, and the power supply capacity of more than 17h should be required for the two-shift working environment. The battery can be charged in two ways: random charging and full-cycle charging. Random charging adopts a car maintenance-free battery that can be charged at will, and can be charged at any time without time limit at the standby parking station of the AGV. Full-cycle charging requires the AGV to withdraw from service and enter the designated charging area, and can only be charged when the battery charge drops to the designated range.
Such batteries generally perform 4 hours of continuous charging and 2 hours of cooling. Some AGVs also use a combination of the above two charging methods. There are three types of charging operation: automatic, manual and quick-change pull-out type.
1. Nickel-cadmium battery
Compared with other types of batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries can withstand overcharge or overdischarge, and the operation is simple and convenient. The discharge voltage is somewhat different according to its discharge current. The above is about 1.2V, the discharge termination voltage of nickel-cadmium battery is 1.0V/cell, the practical temperature range is -200C-600C, and discharge can be carried out within this range. Charge and discharge can be repeated more than 500 times.
2. Ni-MH battery
The energy of Ni-MH battery is twice as large as that of Ni-Cd battery. It can be quickly charged within an hour when charged with a special charger. The self-discharge characteristics are better than Ni-Cd battery. put.
3. Lithium battery
Has high energy density. Compared with high-capacity nickel-cadmium batteries, the volume energy is 1.5 times, and the energy density is 2 times. High voltage, the average use voltage is 3.6V, which is 3 times that of nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries, the use voltage is flat and high capacity, and the extensive use temperature is -200C-600C. Long charge and discharge life, after 500 discharges, its capacity is still at least 70%. Because lithium batteries have the characteristics of high energy density, high voltage, and stable operation.
4. Lead-acid battery
The lead-acid battery is the most widely used battery for AGV. It uses spongy lead as the negative electrode and lead dioxide as the positive electrode. We call these two substances active substances, and use sulfuric acid aqueous solution as the electrolyte. They jointly participate in the battery's electricity. chemical reaction. The agv lead-acid battery has the advantages of good reversibility, stable voltage characteristics, long service life, wide application range, abundant raw materials (and renewable use) and low cost. Mainly used in transportation, mining, port, national defense, computer, scientific research and other fields of the national economy, it is an indispensable product in social production and business activities and human life.
